The Type Selectors
This is
the same selector we have seen above. Again, one more example to give a color
to all level 1 headings:
h1 {
color: #36CFFF;
}
The Universal Selectors
Rather than selecting elements of a specific type, the universal selector
quite simply matches the name of any element type −
* {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content of every element in our document in black.
The Descendant Selectors
Suppose you want to apply a style rule to a particular element only when it
lies inside a particular element. As given in the following example, style rule
will apply to <em> element only when it lies inside <ul> tag.
ul em {
color: #000000;
}
The Class Selectors
You can define style rules based on the class attribute of the elements. All the elements having that class will be formatted according to the defined rule..black { color: #000000; } This rule renders the content in black for every element with class attribute set to black in our document. You can make it a bit more particular. For example:
h1.black { color: #000000; } This rule renders the content in black for only <h1> elements with class attribute set to black.
You can apply more than one class selectors to given element. Consider the following example:
<p class="center bold">
This para will be styled by the classes center and bold.
</p>
The ID Selectors
You can define style rules based on the id attribute of the elements. All the elements having that id will be formatted according to the defined rule.#black {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content in black for every element with id
attribute set to black in our document. You can make it a bit more
particular. For example −h1#black {
color: #000000;
}
This rule renders the content in black for only <h1> elements with id
attribute set to black. The true power of id selectors is when they are used as the foundation for descendant selectors, For example:
#black h2 {
color: #000000;
}
In this example all level 2 headings will be displayed in black color when
those headings will lie with in tags having id attribute set to black.
The Child Selectors
You have seen the descendant selectors. There is one more type of selector,
which is very similar to descendants but have different functionality. Consider
the following example
body > p { color: #000000; }
This rule will render all the paragraphs in black if they are direct child
of <body> element. Other paragraphs put inside other elements like
<div> or <td> would not have any effect of this rule.
The Attribute Selectors
You can also apply styles to HTML elements with particular attributes. The
style rule below will match all the input elements having a type attribute with
a value of text −
input[type = "text"]{ color: #000000; }
The advantage to this method is that the <input type = "submit"
/> element is unaffected, and the color applied only to the desired text
fields.
There are following rules applied to attribute selector.
- p[lang] - Selects all paragraph elements with a lang attribute.
- p[lang="fr"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute has a value of exactly "fr".
- p[lang~="fr"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute contains the word "fr".
- p[lang|="en"] - Selects all paragraph elements whose lang attribute contains values that are exactly "en", or begin with "en-".
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